
		Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
		==========================================
			    Configuration guide


Kernel Configuration
====================

To enable the ALSA support, at least you need to build the kernel with
the primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate
the OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS/Free modules.  Please
enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
PCM supports if you want to run the OSS application with the ALSA.

When you want to support the WaveTable functionality on some cards
such like SB Live!, you need to enable "Sequencer support"
(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).

For getting more verbose debug messages, turn on "Verbose printk" and
"Debug" options.  For checking the memory leaks, you can turn on
"Debug memory" option, too.  "Debug detection" will put more
additional checks for the detection of cards.

Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support Linux isapnp API (if
the card supports).  You don't need to configure the PnP via
isapnptools.


Creating ALSA devices
=====================

Use the MAKEDEV.snd script located in the directory named scripts
in the linux kernel tree.


Module parameters
=================

  A user can modify or set parameters at the load time of the module. If
  the module supports more cards and you have got more than one card
  of the same type, you may simply specify more values for the parameter,
  delimited by commas.
  
  Note that module option names were changed in 0.9.0rc4. The 'snd_'
  prefix was removed.

  Module snd
  ----------

    The module snd is the ALSA core module, which is used by all ALSA
    card drivers.  This takes the global options for creating devices,
    etc.

    major	- major # for sound driver
		- default is 116
    cards_limit
		- specifies card limit # for auto-loading (1-8)
		- default is 1
		- for auto-loading more than 1 card, specify this option
		  together with snd-card-X aliases.
    device_mode
		- specifies permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem
		  (available only when DEVFS is enabled)
		- default value = 0666
		- for example 'device_mode=0660'

  
  Module snd-pcm-oss
  ------------------

    The PCM OSS emulation module.
    This module takes the options to change the mapping of devices.

    dsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
		  (default: 0)
    adsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
		  (default: 1)
    nonblock_open - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.

    For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
    the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
    to PCM #0 of the card #0.
    For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
    commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".

    nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
    regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
    opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
    immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
    
  Module snd-rawmidi
  ------------------

    This module takes the options to change the mapping of OSS
    devices like snd-pcm-oss module.

    midi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
		  (default: 0)
    amidi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
		  (default: 1)

  Common parameters for top soundcard modules
  -------------------------------------------

    Each of top-level soundcard module takes some general options,

    index	- 0-7 - index (slot #) for soundcard
                - if not set or -1, first free index (slot #) is assigned
    id		- user identification for card (up to 15 chars)
		- default expression is 'card<index>' (for example card1)
		- value is used for /proc/asound filesystem
		- this value can be used by applications for identification
		  of card if user does not want identify card with index number
    enable  	- enable card.  (all cards enabled for PCI and ISA PnP cards
		  as default.)

  Module snd-ad1816a
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
    dma1	- first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
    dma2	- second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.
    
  Module snd-ad1848
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for AD1848 chip
    irq		- IRQ # for AD1848  chip
    dma1	- DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
    
  Module snd-ali5451
  ------------------

    Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.

    pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
    spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O (disabled by default)

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-als100
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
    dma8	- 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
    dma16	- 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-als4000
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.

    joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
                    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-atiixp
  -----------------

    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 controllers.

    ac97_clock		- AC'97 clock (defalut = 48000)
    spdif_aclink	- S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)

    This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
  -----------------------------------------

    Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.

    pcifix	- Control PCI workarounds
		  0 = Disable all workarounds
		  1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
		  2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
		      Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
		  3 = Force both settings
		  255 = Autodetect what is required (default)

    This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
    EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
    Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
    http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
    SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
    "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
    The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and 
    Advantage.

    Note: Some ALSA mixer applicactions don't handle the SPDIF samplerate 
           control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
           another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).

  Module snd-azt2320
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).

    port	- port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
    wss_port	- port # for WSS (PnP setup)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
    fm_port	- FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
    dma1	- 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
    dma2	- 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-azt3328
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.

    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-bt87x
  ----------------

    Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.

    digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-cmi8330
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.

    wssport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    wssirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    wssdma	- first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    sbport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbdma8	- 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbdma16	- 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-cmipci
  -----------------

    Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI soundcards.

    mpu_port	- 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, 0 = disable (default)
    fm_port     - 0x388 (default), 0 = disable (default)
    soft_ac3    - Sofware-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
                  (default = 1)
    joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
    
  Module snd-cs4231
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on CS4231 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for CS4231 chip
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for CS4231 chip
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4231 chip
    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4231 chip
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-cs4232
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.

    port	- port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
    cport	- control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
    fm_port	- FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-cs4236
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
                                   CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
    cport	- control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
    fm_port	- FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
    specified!!! Other ports are optional.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cs4281
  -----------------

    Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.

    dual_codec	- Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cs46xx
  -----------------

    Module for PCI soundcards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
				       CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.

    external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifer.
    thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
    mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
    from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
    above explicitly.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-dt019x
  -----------------

    Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
    only)

    port	- Port # (PnP setup)
    mpu_port	- Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
    fm_port	- Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
    dma8	- DMA # (PnP setup)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.  This module is enabled only with
    ISA PnP support.

  Module snd-dummy
  ----------------

    Module for the dummy soundcard. This soundcard doesn't do any output
    or input, but you may use this module for any application which
    requires a soundcard (like RealPlayer).

  Module snd-emu10k1
  ------------------

    Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI soundcards.
			* Sound Blaster Live!
			* Sound Blaster PCI 512
			* Emu APS (partially supported)
			* Sound Blaster Audigy

    extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
    extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
    seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
    max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
    max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
                       given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
    enable_ir - enable IR

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

    Input & Output configurations 			[extin/extout]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f03]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in			[0x000f/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive	[0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
        * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fff]
	* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003			[0x3fc3/0x7cff]
        * Creative Card all ins and outs		[0x3fff/0x7fff]
    
  Module snd-ens1370
  ------------------

    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI soundcards.
			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
			* SoundBlaster PCI 128

    joystick		- Enable joystick (default off)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-ens1371
  ------------------

    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI soundcards.
			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
			* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI

    joystick_port	- port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
			  0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-es968
  ----------------

    Module for soundcards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).

    port	- port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
    dma1	- DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-es1688
  -----------------

    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 soundcards.

    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).

  Module snd-es18xx
  -----------------

    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx soundcards.

    port	- port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
    fm_port	- port # for FM (optional, not used)
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma1	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    Module supports up to 8 cards ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port
    if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
    When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-es1938
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-es1968
  -----------------

    Module for soundcards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.

    total_bufsize	- total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
    pcm_substreams_p	- playback channels (1-8, default=2)
    pcm_substreams_c	- capture channels (1-8, default=0)
    clock		- clock (0 = auto-detection)
    use_pm		- support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
			  2 = auto (default))
    enable_mpu		- enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
    joystick		- enable joystick (default off)       

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-fm801
  ----------------

    Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI soundcards.

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-gusclassic
  ---------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic soundcard.

    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-gusextreme
  ---------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) soundcard.

    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    gf1_port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
    gf1_irq	- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).

  Module snd-gusmax
  -----------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX soundcard.

    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-hdsp
  ---------------

    Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)

    precise_ptr	      - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
			(default = 0)
    line_outs_monitor - Send all input and playback streams to line outs
			by default. (default = 0)
    force_firmware    - Force a reload of the I/O box firmware
			(default = 0)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

    Note: you need to load the firmware via hdsploader utility included
          in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.

    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
          when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
          stage of boot sequence.

  Module snd-ice1712
  ------------------

    Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI soundcards.
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
                        * TerraTec EWS 88MT
                        * TerraTec EWS 88D
                        * TerraTec EWX 24/96
                        * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
                        * Digigram VX442

    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
		  delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
		  delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
		  dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8
    omni	- Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
    cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transciever)
                     in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
    is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
    serie).

  Module snd-ice1724
  ------------------

    Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724) based PCI soundcards.
			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
			* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
			* TerraTec Aureon Sky-5.1, Space-7.1

    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
		  revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, aureon51, aureon71,
		  k8x800

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-intel8x0
  -------------------

    Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
			* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
			* NVidia NForce, NForce2
			* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
			* ALi m5455

    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
    joystick      - Enable joystick (default off)
    mpu_port      - MPU401 port # (0 = disabled, 0x330,0x300)
    ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware (-1 = default)
                    -1 = default, don't override
                     0 = disable
                     1 = use headphone control as master
                     2 = swap headphone and master controls
                     3 = for AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
                     4 = for ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8).

    Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
    if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
    explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".

    The joystick and MPU-401 are supported only certain hardwares.
    MPU401 is experimental,  It doesn't work perfectly.

    The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround
    for specific devices.  Some hardware have swapped output pins
    between Master and Headphone, or Surround.  The driver provides
    the auto-detection of known problematic devices, but some might
    be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass the proper
    value with this option.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-intel8x0m
  --------------------

    Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.

    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)

    This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-interwave
  --------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
    and other soundcards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
  
    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
                  requires 8 voices

    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

  Module snd-interwave-stb
  ------------------------

    Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (soundcard from STB used by Compaq)
    and other soundcards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
    circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
  
    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    port_tc	- tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
                  requires 8 voices

    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

  Module snd-korg1212
  -------------------

    Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-maestro3
  -------------------

    Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips

    external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
    amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
                       -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
                       others) 

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).

    Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
    If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
    specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option. 
    For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
    option.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-mixart
  -----------------

    Module for Digigram miXart8 soundcards.

    Module supports multiple cards.
    Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
          See MIXART.txt for details.

  Module snd-mpu401
  -----------------

    Module for MPU-401 UART devices.

    port	- port number or -1 (disable)
    irq		- IRQ number or -1 (disable)
    acpipnp	- ACPI PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    Module supports multiple devices (max 8) and ACPI PnP.  If PnP is not
    used (or ACPI not enabled), port and irq must be specified.
    
  Module snd-mtpav
  ----------------

    Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
    port).

    port	- I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
    irq		- IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
    hwports	- number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
    
    Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.

  Module snd-nm256
  ----------------

    Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips

    playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
    capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
    force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
    buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
    use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
    vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).

    The power-management is supported.

    Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
    automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
    In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via
    buffer_top option.
    For example,
      Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
      Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
    The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
    to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
    case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
    works!

    Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
    codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
    with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
    even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
    other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
    but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to speicfy isapnp=0
    and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.

    Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
    OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
    The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
    X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
    the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
    you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
    problem.

  Module snd-opl3sa2
  ------------------

    Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 soundcards.

    port	- control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
    sb_port	- SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
    wss_port	- WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    midi_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
    fm_port	- FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma1	- first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP. This module does not support
    autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
  -------------------------

    Module for soundcards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
    Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
    
    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
  -------------------------

    Module for soundcards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
    
    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-opti93x
  ------------------

    Module for soundcards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
    
    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
  ---------------------------------

    Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips

    enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)

    Module supports autoprobe a chip.

    Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-rme32
  ----------------

    Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32, 
    Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) soundcards.

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-rme96
  ----------------

    Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST soundcards.

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-rme9652
  ------------------

    Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) soundcards.

    precise_ptr	- Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
		  (default = 0)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
          when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
          stage of boot sequence.

  Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
  ---------------------------------------

    Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 soundcard.

    Module supports only one card.
    Module has no enable and index options.

  Module snd-sb8
  --------------

    Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
					 SoundBlaster 2.0,
					 SoundBlaster Pro

    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
  -----------------------------

    Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
					  SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
					  SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP

    port	- port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
    awe_port	- base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
                   (snd-sbawe module only)
    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
    dma16	- 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
    mic_agc	- Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    csp		- ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

    Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
          disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
          Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
          half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
          16-bit DMA channel.
    
  Module snd-sgalaxy
  ------------------

    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcard.

    sbport	- Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
    wssport	- Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    irq		- IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
    dma1	- DMA #

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-sscape
  -----------------

    Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.

    port	- Port # (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
    dma		- DMA # (PnP setup)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
    You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
    the microcode.

  Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
  --------------------------------------

    Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
  -------------------------------------

    Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-wavefront
  --------------------

    Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ soundcards.

    cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
    cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
    cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
    cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
    use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
                      (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
    ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
    ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
    fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
    dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
    dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
    isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP.

  Module snd-sonicvibes
  ---------------------

    Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI soundcards.
			* PINE Schubert 32 PCI

    reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
                  - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
    mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-serial-u16550
  ------------------------

    Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.

    port	- port # for UART16550A chip
    irq		- IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
    speed	- speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
		  38400 = default
    base	- base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
		  115200 = default
    outs	- number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
		  1 = default
    adaptor	- Type of adaptor.
                  0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
		  3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.

  Module snd-trident
  ------------------

    Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX soundcards.
			* Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
			* HIS  4DWave PCI
			* Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
			* AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
			* Addonics  SV 750
			* CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
			* Shark  Predator4D-PCI
			* Jaton  SonicWave 4D

    pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
    wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)

    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-usb-audio
  --------------------

    Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.

    vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
    pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)

    This module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and hotplugging.

  Module snd-via82xx
  ------------------

    Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
    8233A, 8233C, 8235 (south) bridge.

    mpu_port	- 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
		  [VIA686A/686B only]
    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
    dxs_support	- support DXS channels,
		  0 = auto (defalut), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
		  3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA
		  [VIA8233/C,8235 only]
    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
                  See the description of intel8x0 module for details.

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8).

    Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
          not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
          set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
          default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
          assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
    
    Note: VIA8233/5 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
	  channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
	  streams can be played at the same time.
	  As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
	  except for the known devices since the output is often
	  noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
	  bug of BIOS.
	  Please try once dxs_support=1 and if it works on other
	  sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
	  know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
	  "lspci -nv").
	  If it doesn't work, try dxs_support=4.  If it still doesn't
	  work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
	  right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
	  try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
	  In any cases, please let us know the result and the
	  subsystem vendor/device ids.

    Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
	  additonally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.

  Module snd-virmidi
  ------------------

    Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
    This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
    to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.

    midi_devs	- MIDI devices # (1-8, default=4)
    
    Module supports up to 8 cards.

  Module snd-vx222
  ----------------

    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.

    mic		- Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
    ibl		- Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.

    For loading the firmware, use vxloader utility in alsa-tools
    and alsa-firmware packages.  You can load the firmware automatically
    by adding the following to /etc/modprobe.conf

	install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader

    (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
     /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
    IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
    gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
    The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
    size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
    /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.

  Module snd-vxpocket
  -------------------

    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 PCMCIA card.

    irq_mask - IRQ bitmask, specifies the available IRQs as bits
               (default = 0xffff, all available)
    irq_list - List of available interrupts (default = -1, not specified)
               4 numbers must be given (if specified).
    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.  The module is compiled only when
    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.

    To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set
    up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.

    For loading the firmware, use vxloader utility in alsa-tools
    and alsa-firmware packages.

    The irq_mask and irq_list are provided to avoid allocation of
    specific IRQs.  Usually you don't need to specify them.

    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.

    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.
    
  Module snd-vxp440
  -----------------

    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket 440 PCMCIA card.

    irq_mask - IRQ bitmask, specifies the available IRQs as bits
    irq_list - List of available interrupts (default = -1, not specified)
               4 numbers must be given (if specified).
    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)

    Module supports up to 8 cards.  The module is compiled only when
    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.

    To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set
    up /etc/pcmcia/vxp440.conf.  See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp440.c.

    For loading the firmware, use vxloader utility in alsa-tools
    and alsa-firmware packages.

    The irq_mask and irq_list are provided to avoid allocation of
    specific IRQs.  Usually you don't need to specify them.

    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.

    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.
    
  Module snd-ymfpci
  -----------------

    Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).

    mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
    fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
    joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
                    1 (auto-detect)
    rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)

    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-pdaudiocf
  --------------------

    Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF soundcard.

    irq_mask	  - IRQ mask (PCMCIA type)
    irq_list	  - List of available interrupts for this soundcard

    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.


Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
============================

When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.

When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
will be not built in.


Module Autoloading Support
==========================

The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
devices where %i is soundcard number from zero to seven.

To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
as the the same card module.

An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
----- /etc/modprobe.conf
alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
----- /etc/modprobe.conf

The available number of auto-loaded soundcards depends on the module
option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
soundcards in that option.

When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
cards is kept consistent.

An example configuration for two soundcards is like below:

----- /etc/modprobe.conf
# ALSA portion
options snd cards_limit=2
alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
options snd-interwave index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=1
# OSS/Free portion
alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
----- /etc/moprobe.conf

In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).


ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
=======================================

/dev/snd/pcmC0D0  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
/dev/snd/pcmC0D1  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
/dev/snd/pcmC1D1  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
/dev/snd/pcmC2D1  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44

The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y} expression means soundcard number
and second means device number.
Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
options of snd-pcm-oss module.


DEVFS support
=============

The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension.
You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file:

LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd
REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660

Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system.
         Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for
         example).


Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
==============================

/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
-------------------------------
  String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
  String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"

   <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
   <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
   <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
   <options> - optional parameters
	  - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
		      this channel but does not want to use it.
		      (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
		      It's good for Quake etc...
	  - direct    don't use plugins
	  - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
	  - non-block force non-block mode
	  - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
			playback only)
	  - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks

  Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
           echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
	   echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss


Links
=====

  ALSA project homepage
       http://www.alsa-project.org

